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The Appointment of Bishops Act 1533 (25 Hen 8 c 20), also known as the Act Concerning Ecclesiastical Appointments and Absolute Restraint of Annates, is an Act of the Parliament of England. This Act was partly in force in Great Britain at the end of 2010.〔The Chronological Table of the Statutes, 1235 - 2010. The Stationery Office. 2011. ISBN 978-0-11-840509-6. Part I. Page 42, read with pages viii and x.〕 It was passed by the English Reformation Parliament in 1534. It abolished all annates and made ''de jure'' the royal domination of ecclesiastical elections, which theretofore had been ''de facto''. After the Act of Conditional Restraints of Annates (23 Hen 8 c 20) of 1532, Thomas Cromwell, chief minister of Henry VIII of England, wanted to abolish all payments to the Holy See in Rome and to assign them to the King of England to strengthen royal finances. Sometime before January 1533, the Crown prepared a list of "acts necessary to be made at this Parliament," and one item included what the historian Stanford E. Lehmberg believes is probably the first known source for this Act: Item, an act that if the Pope attempts to vex our Sovereign Lord the King of this realm, by interdiction, excommunication, or otherwise for the said marriage, which is ratified and established by this realm, that then no subject of this realm after such attempt shall pay to the Pope any manner of annates, porcions, pensions, Peterpens, ne other profit that the Pope now hath out of this realm, but that the same shall be paid to our said Sovereign to retain for his defence and the realm, till it shall please his Highness otherwise to dispose and order the same to the Pope or see apostolik.〔Stanford E. Lehmberg, ''The Reformation Parliament, 1529-1536'' (Cambridge University Press, 1970), p. 190.〕 Thus the Act was meant to transfer the payment of annates from the Pope to the King and was introduced to the House of Commons of England early in the session of Parliament in 1534. The bill seemingly encountered little opposition in the Commons, possibly because of persuasion of Cromwell.〔Stanford E. Lehmberg, ''The Reformation Parliament, 1529-1536'' (Cambridge University Press, 1970), p. 190.〕 In the Upper House, it did not meet with such approval and was subsequently dropped. Historians do not know the original wording of the bill nor the reason for it being dropped. After the passage of the Annates Act in 1531, however, the Lords Spiritual complained that the annates "utterly undone and impoverished" them. Therefore, Stanford Lehmberg postulates that the Lords Spiritual likely objected to the King retaining annates.〔Stanford E. Lehmberg, ''The Reformation Parliament, 1529-1536'' (Cambridge University Press, 1970), pp. 190-1.〕 A new bill dealing with the annates was introduced into the Upper House on 27 February and passed the Upper House on the 9 March and in the Commons a week after. Parliament ultimately passed this Act, which ended all annates. The final Act did not require payment of annates to the King, rendering the Act financially useless to the Crown, seemingly a victory for the clergy. The other part of the Act dealt with the method of electing bishops. Before the Act, a cathedral held an election for bishop and traditionally chose the candidate whom the King supported. The Act bound the cathedral to elect the candidate whom the King selected in his "letter missive". If the cathedral declined to make the election accordingly, or ecclesiastical authorities refused to consecrate the candidate of the King, then they would be punished by praemunire. The Act therefore provided royal domination of episcopal elections as an enforceable legal right with a heavy penalty. The repeal by the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969 of section 2 of the Act of Supremacy (1 Eliz 1 c 1) (1558) does not affect the continued operation, so far as unrepealed, of the Appointment of Bishops Act 1533.〔The Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969, (section 4(2) )〕 The College of Canons must perform the functions conferred by the Appointment of Bishops Act 1533 on the dean and chapter, and that Act accordingly has effect as if references to the dean and chapter were references to the College of Canons.〔The Cathedrals Measure 1999, (section 5(3) )〕 This applies to every cathedral church in England other than the cathedral church of Christ in Oxford.〔The Cathedrals Measure 1999, (section 37 )〕 This Act was applied by (section 23(2) ) of the Cathedrals Measure 1931 The preamble and sections 1 and 2 were repealed by section 1 of, and Part II of the (Schedule ) to the Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1969. Section 6 was repealed by section 13 of, and (Part I ) of Schedule 4 to, the Criminal Law Act 1967. ==Notes== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Act Concerning Ecclesiastical Appointments and Absolute Restraint of Annates」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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